干式充填系统和水力充填系统

    （1）干式充填系统。使用干式充填时，多在地面设露天采石场，将采下岩石破碎到所需的块度，经充填井下放到井下，再转运到需充填的采场上部回风巷道。通过充填天井借自重放入采场。用方框图表示的干式充填系统如下：
 
    采石场→破碎→地面运输→充填井→井下运输→采场充填天井→采场内运搬、铺平
 
    （2）水力充填系统。水力充填系统是由贮砂、制浆及输送三部分组成。水力充填系统可分为水砂充填系统与胶结充填系统。两者主要的差别在于胶结充填系统中配有水泥供给系统及制浆部分。水砂充填系统对制浆的浓度要求不严，而胶结充填要求制备出满足充填体强度需要的水泥砂浆的浓度。图1为水砂充填系统的示意图。
 



图1   水砂充填系统示意图
1-砂仓;2-混合沟;3-水仓;4-充填管路;
5-采空区;6-滤水墙;7-设排水沟的巷道;8-沉淀池;
9-水泵;10-水管;11-地面沉淀池;12-后水仓供水的管路

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