First, the standard parts on the market today are mainly carbon steel, stainless steel, and copper.
(a) Carbon steel. We distinguish low-carbon steels, medium-carbon steels and high-carbon steels, and alloy steels from the carbon content of carbon steel.
1. Low-carbon steel C% ≤ 0.25% Domestically known as A3 steel. Basically known abroad as 1008,1015,1018,1022 and so on. Mainly used for 4.8 bolts and 4 nuts, small screws and other products without hardness requirements. (Note: The drilling screw is mainly made of 1022 material.)
2, medium carbon steel 0.25%
3, high carbon steel C%> 0.45%. Currently on the market basically do not use 4, alloy steel: In the ordinary carbon steel alloy elements added to increase some of the special properties of steel: 35,40 chromium molybdenum, SCM435, 10B38. Fang Sheng screws mainly use SCM435 chromium molybdenum alloy steel, the main components are C, Si, Mn, P, S, Cr, Mo.
(b) Stainless steel. Performance level: 45, 50, 60, 70, 80
Mainly divided into austenite (18%Cr, 8%Ni) good heat resistance, good corrosion resistance, good weldability. A1, A2, A4
Martensite and 13% Cr have poor corrosion resistance, high strength, and good wear resistance. C1, C2, C4 ferritic stainless steel. 18%Cr forging property is better, corrosion resistance is stronger than martensite. Currently imported materials in the market are mainly Japanese products. According to the grade mainly divided SUS302, SUS304, SUS316.
(c) Copper. Commonly used materials for brass ... zinc copper alloy. The market mainly uses H62, H65, H68 copper as standard parts.
Second, the use of carbon steel products:
Serial number  Optional Material 1 4.8 Hexagonal Bolts 1008K  1010  1015K 2 6.8 Hexagonal Bolts 1032  1035  1040  CH38F  1039 3 8.8 Hex bolts 1035ACR (M10 or less) 1040ACR (M12 or more) CH38F  1045ACR  1039  10B21  10B33  10B38 4 8.8 Allen Head Cap Screws CH38F  1039  10B21 (M10-M12)  10B33  (M14)10B38(M12-M24)10B21 5 10.9 Hex Head Bolt 1045ACR    10B38 6 │8│level nuts 1008K  1010 7 8 Nuts 1015 (M<16)  CH38F  (M≥16) 8 Level 10 Nuts CH38F  1039  10B21  10B33 9 12 Nuts 1039  10B21  10B33  10B38 10 carriage screws 1008  1010  1015 11 Hexagonal Bolt CH38F  1039  10B21  10B33  10B38 12 Hexagon wood screws 1008K   1010 13 Self-tapping screws, wallboard nails, nails, nails 1018   1022   CH22A 14 Machine Screw  Furniture screws 1008   1010
Third, the impact of various elements in the material on the nature of the steel:
1. Carbon (C): To improve the strength of steel parts, especially its heat treatment performance, but as the carbon content increases, the plasticity and toughness decrease, and it will affect the cold heading performance and welding performance of steel parts.
2, manganese (Mn): to improve the strength of steel, and to some extent improve the quenchability. That is, the strength of the hardened infiltration increases during quenching, and manganese can also improve the surface quality, but too much manganese is detrimental to ductility and weldability. It will also affect the control of plating during plating.
3, nickel (Ni): to improve the strength of steel, improve the toughness at low temperatures, improve resistance to atmospheric corrosion, and to ensure a stable heat treatment effect, reducing the role of hydrogen embrittlement.
4, chromium (Cr): can improve the hardenability, improve wear resistance, improve corrosion resistance, and help maintain strength at high temperatures.
5, molybdenum (Mo): can help control the quenchability, reduce the sensitivity of steel on temper brittleness, have a great influence on the tensile strength at elevated temperatures.
6. Boron (B): It can improve the hardenability and help to make the low carbon steel produce the desired reaction to the heat treatment.
7. Niobium (V): refines austenite grains and improves toughness.
8, silicon (Si): to ensure the strength of steel, the appropriate content can improve the plasticity and toughness of steel.
Fourth, on the characteristics of stainless steel profile (304,316)
(a) The three materials are all 300 series austenitic stainless steels. The chemical composition is as follows:
Name C Si Mn PS Ni Cr Mo Cu 304M ≤ 0.06 ≤ 1.0 ≤ 2.0 ≤ 0.045 ≤ 0.03 8.91-10.0 18.0-20.0 0 0 316 ≤ 0.03-0.06 ≤ 1.0 ≤ 2.0 ≤ 0.045 ≤ 0.03 10.0-14.0 16.0-18.0 2.0-3.0 0 304HC ≤ 0.08 ≤ 1.0 ≤ 2.0 ≤ 0.045 ≤ 0.03 8.0-10.5 17.0-19.0 0 1.0-3.0
(b) The relationship between the main chemical composition and the performance of stainless steel.
1. Carbon C can increase hardness and strength. Excessively high content will reduce its ductility and corrosion resistance. 2. Chromium Cr increases corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance, grain refinement, strength, hardness and wear resistance. 3. Nickel Ni can increase high temperature strength, corrosion resistance, reduce the rate of cold work hardening 4, Mo molybdenum increases strength, excellent corrosion resistance to oxides and seawater
(a) Carbon steel. We distinguish low-carbon steels, medium-carbon steels and high-carbon steels, and alloy steels from the carbon content of carbon steel.
1. Low-carbon steel C% ≤ 0.25% Domestically known as A3 steel. Basically known abroad as 1008,1015,1018,1022 and so on. Mainly used for 4.8 bolts and 4 nuts, small screws and other products without hardness requirements. (Note: The drilling screw is mainly made of 1022 material.)
2, medium carbon steel 0.25%
3, high carbon steel C%> 0.45%. Currently on the market basically do not use 4, alloy steel: In the ordinary carbon steel alloy elements added to increase some of the special properties of steel: 35,40 chromium molybdenum, SCM435, 10B38. Fang Sheng screws mainly use SCM435 chromium molybdenum alloy steel, the main components are C, Si, Mn, P, S, Cr, Mo.
(b) Stainless steel. Performance level: 45, 50, 60, 70, 80
Mainly divided into austenite (18%Cr, 8%Ni) good heat resistance, good corrosion resistance, good weldability. A1, A2, A4
Martensite and 13% Cr have poor corrosion resistance, high strength, and good wear resistance. C1, C2, C4 ferritic stainless steel. 18%Cr forging property is better, corrosion resistance is stronger than martensite. Currently imported materials in the market are mainly Japanese products. According to the grade mainly divided SUS302, SUS304, SUS316.
(c) Copper. Commonly used materials for brass ... zinc copper alloy. The market mainly uses H62, H65, H68 copper as standard parts.
Second, the use of carbon steel products:
Serial number  Optional Material 1 4.8 Hexagonal Bolts 1008K  1010  1015K 2 6.8 Hexagonal Bolts 1032  1035  1040  CH38F  1039 3 8.8 Hex bolts 1035ACR (M10 or less) 1040ACR (M12 or more) CH38F  1045ACR  1039  10B21  10B33  10B38 4 8.8 Allen Head Cap Screws CH38F  1039  10B21 (M10-M12)  10B33  (M14)10B38(M12-M24)10B21 5 10.9 Hex Head Bolt 1045ACR    10B38 6 │8│level nuts 1008K  1010 7 8 Nuts 1015 (M<16)  CH38F  (M≥16) 8 Level 10 Nuts CH38F  1039  10B21  10B33 9 12 Nuts 1039  10B21  10B33  10B38 10 carriage screws 1008  1010  1015 11 Hexagonal Bolt CH38F  1039  10B21  10B33  10B38 12 Hexagon wood screws 1008K   1010 13 Self-tapping screws, wallboard nails, nails, nails 1018   1022   CH22A 14 Machine Screw  Furniture screws 1008   1010
Third, the impact of various elements in the material on the nature of the steel:
1. Carbon (C): To improve the strength of steel parts, especially its heat treatment performance, but as the carbon content increases, the plasticity and toughness decrease, and it will affect the cold heading performance and welding performance of steel parts.
2, manganese (Mn): to improve the strength of steel, and to some extent improve the quenchability. That is, the strength of the hardened infiltration increases during quenching, and manganese can also improve the surface quality, but too much manganese is detrimental to ductility and weldability. It will also affect the control of plating during plating.
3, nickel (Ni): to improve the strength of steel, improve the toughness at low temperatures, improve resistance to atmospheric corrosion, and to ensure a stable heat treatment effect, reducing the role of hydrogen embrittlement.
4, chromium (Cr): can improve the hardenability, improve wear resistance, improve corrosion resistance, and help maintain strength at high temperatures.
5, molybdenum (Mo): can help control the quenchability, reduce the sensitivity of steel on temper brittleness, have a great influence on the tensile strength at elevated temperatures.
6. Boron (B): It can improve the hardenability and help to make the low carbon steel produce the desired reaction to the heat treatment.
7. Niobium (V): refines austenite grains and improves toughness.
8, silicon (Si): to ensure the strength of steel, the appropriate content can improve the plasticity and toughness of steel.
Fourth, on the characteristics of stainless steel profile (304,316)
(a) The three materials are all 300 series austenitic stainless steels. The chemical composition is as follows:
Name C Si Mn PS Ni Cr Mo Cu 304M ≤ 0.06 ≤ 1.0 ≤ 2.0 ≤ 0.045 ≤ 0.03 8.91-10.0 18.0-20.0 0 0 316 ≤ 0.03-0.06 ≤ 1.0 ≤ 2.0 ≤ 0.045 ≤ 0.03 10.0-14.0 16.0-18.0 2.0-3.0 0 304HC ≤ 0.08 ≤ 1.0 ≤ 2.0 ≤ 0.045 ≤ 0.03 8.0-10.5 17.0-19.0 0 1.0-3.0
(b) The relationship between the main chemical composition and the performance of stainless steel.
1. Carbon C can increase hardness and strength. Excessively high content will reduce its ductility and corrosion resistance. 2. Chromium Cr increases corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance, grain refinement, strength, hardness and wear resistance. 3. Nickel Ni can increase high temperature strength, corrosion resistance, reduce the rate of cold work hardening 4, Mo molybdenum increases strength, excellent corrosion resistance to oxides and seawater
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