I. Introduction
With the gradual depletion of zinc, lead sulfide mineral resources, many low grade lead and zinc oxide as a target resources development; well-known, is a product of the former oxide ore sulfide ore through the natural processes of oxidation and leaching the formed surface water , addition of lead ore, zinc oxide minerals, also contains more carbonate minerals, silicate minerals quartz and clay ease of limonite ore, goethite and other iron minerals. Because the ore contains more limonized limonite, a large amount of slime is formed, which has a serious impact on its flotation technical indicators. In this paper, a high-concentration and muddy lead oxide-zinc mine in a certain area of ​​Guangxi was studied under the condition of no mud removal, and a good sorting effect was obtained, which was the recovery of low-grade lead and zinc resources. Provide a reference basis.
Second, the nature of the ore
Useful mineral ore mainly white lead, calamine, small amounts of lead, vanadium, hemimorphite and traces of brass ore, gangue minerals as pyrite, limonite, hematite, calcite, dolomite Etc. The main minerals lead and zinc have complex relationships, weathering, ironification and muddy, but they are mostly fine veins. The lead and zinc grades are 3.54% and 5.86% respectively, and the oxidation rate is high. The sulfur is mainly in the form of pyrite. exist. Phase analysis Lead oxide is mainly white lead ore, and a small amount of lead vanadium, zinc oxide ore is magnesite and a small amount of heteropolar ore. The multi-element analysis of the sample is shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Multi-element analysis of samples
element | SiO 2 | TiO 2 | ZrO 2 | Li | Sr | Mn | Sn | As |
content/% | 12.7 | 0.1 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.3 | 0.06 | <0.01 | 0.1 |
element | MgO | V 2 O 5 | Mo | Ni | Be | Pb | S | Sb |
content | 1.3 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.05 | <0.01 | 3.54 | 2.6 | 0.03 |
element | WO 3 | CaO | Ba | Co | Cr | Zn | Cu | Fe 2 O 3 |
content/% | <0.01 | 0.7 | 3.2 | <0.01 | 0.01 | 5.86 | 0.02 | 26.6 |
Third, the choice of test plan
The appropriate process flow is the premise to improve the selection effect. The basis of the selection process is the ore nature. The preliminary exploration test is carried out on the characteristics of the ore. The test results show that the method of flotation can recover the lead and zinc in the ore. Mud flotation does not effectively improve the flotation index. On the contrary, it loses a lot of fine-grained lead-zinc ore and reduces the recovery rate. Because of the high iron content, it is difficult to obtain better indicators by using the vulcanization-xanthate method, but the vulcanization-amine method flotation can obtain better indexes without de-sludge. After comprehensive comparison, it was determined that the ore was subjected to flotation test by sulfurization-amine method. The flotation process is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 Flotation test flow chart
Fourth, test results and analysis
(1) Influence of dispersant
Because the ore is muddy and the limonite content is high, it is necessary to add a dispersing agent to disperse the pulp and eliminate the influence of the slime. In the slurry pH = 9, the amount of sodium sulfide 2kg / t, the amount of zinc sulfate and sodium sulfite in 1: 1 ratio with 500g / t, mixed amines 80g / t conditions The effect of sodium hexametaphosphate in an amount of lead ore flotation . It can be seen from Table 2 that the addition of sodium hexametaphosphate can improve the lead ore and lead recovery rate. As the amount of sodium hexametaphosphate increases, the grade of lead concentrate increases continuously, but the lead recovery rate begins to decrease, indicating a certain amount. The lower sodium hexametaphosphate has a better dispersion effect and can significantly improve the lead ore flotation index. However, when the dosage is too large, sodium hexametaphosphate has a certain inhibitory effect on lead ore. According to the flotation phenomenon and the analysis results, this Mainly due to the close symbiosis of some lead ore and limonite, the excessive use of sodium hexametaphosphate led to the suppression of lead ore associated with limonite.
Table 2 Effect of the amount of sodium hexametaphosphate on the flotation index of lead ore
Sodium hexametaphosphate dosage, g/t | 0 | 100 | 300 | 500 |
Lead concentrate grade, % | 10.24 | 11.65 | 14.64 | 16.59 |
Lead recovery rate, % | 62.86 | 65.42 | 68.17 | 62.57 |
(2) The amount and analysis of sodium sulfide
The vulcanization of the surface of lead oxide is the key to determine the flotation effect. When the amount of sodium sulfide is small, it is difficult to obtain the desired vulcanization effect. If the amount of vulcanization is too large, it will inhibit the lead ore and reduce the lead recovery. . In this study, the effect of sodium sulfide dosage on flotation index was investigated by using the flow chart of Figure 1 (the same below). The amount of sodium hexametaphosphate was 300g/t, the amount of mixed amine was 100g/t, and the inhibitor zinc sulfate was 500g/t and sodium sulfite 500g. /t, No. 2 oil 60g/t. The results of the flotation test are shown in Table 3.
Table 3 Effect of sodium sulfide dosage on flotation index of molybdenum- lead ore
Sodium sulfide dosage, kg/t | 1.5 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 3.0. | 3.5 | 4.0 |
Pulp pH | 6.0 | 7.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 11.0 |
Lead concentrate grade, % | 10.32 | 12.25 | 13.67 | 15.53 | 13.96 | 12.63 |
Lead recovery rate, % | 50.53 | 55.76 | 63.0 | 68.5 | 62.5 | 56.9 |
From the data of the amount of vulcanization and the pH of the slurry in Table 3, it can be seen that sodium sulfide can significantly improve the flotation of lead ore. With the increase of the amount of sodium sulfide, the grade and recovery rate of lead concentrate increase, when the amount of sodium sulfide reaches 3kg/ At t, the grade of lead concentrate reached 15.53%, and the recovery rate reached 68.5%; the grade of molybdenum concentrate and the recovery rate decreased by increasing the amount of sodium sulfide. When the amount of sodium sulfide reached 4kg/t, the grade of lead concentrate was only 12.63%. The recovery rate was 56.9%. This is mainly because the amount of sodium sulfide is too large, on the one hand, the adsorption of the amine on the surface of the lead ore is inhibited, on the other hand, the viscosity of the slurry is increased, and the foam is more muddy, thereby reducing the concentrate grade. From the comprehensive index, the suitable dosage of sodium sulfide is 3kg/t.
(3) The amount and analysis of inhibitors
Under the condition of sodium hexametaphosphate 300g/t, sodium sulfide 3.0kg/t and mixed amine dosage of 100g/t, the effect of sulfuric acid and sodium sulfite on the zinc content of crude lead concentrate was investigated. The test results are shown in Table 4.
Table 4 Effect of the amount of zinc sulfate + sodium sulfite on the flotation index of lead ore
Zinc sulfate / sodium sulfite, g / t | 400 | 500 | 600 | 700 | 800 | 900 |
Pulp pH | 6.0 | 7.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 11.0 |
Zinc grade, % | 11.35 | 8.25 | 7. 76 | 6.53 | 6.16 | 5.83 |
Zinc recovery rate, % | 20.51 | 17.36 | 12.05 | 10.25 | 9.85 | 9.79 |
From Table 4, zinc sulfate and sodium sulfite and pH data show that when the amount of zinc sulfate and sodium sulfite is gradually increased, the content and grade of zinc in the lead concentrate gradually decrease, but when the amount is increased to 700 g/t, the recovery rate of zinc is The grade reduction is not obvious, which is mainly due to too much mechanical inclusions in the flotation process. Therefore, the suitable amount of zinc sulfate and sodium sulfite is 700g/t.
(IV) Selection and analysis of collectors
In the case of sodium hexametaphosphate 300g / t, sodium sulfide 3.0kg / t, zinc sulfate and sodium sulfite 700g / t, collector dosage of 100g / t, various amine collectors were investigated for lead and zinc flotation The impact of the indicator. The test results are shown in Figure 5.
Table 5 Effect of different collectors on lead ore flotation index
Collector name | Dodecylamine | Hexadecylamine | Octadecylamine | Mixed amine |
Lead recovery rate | 65.87 | 63.32 | 62.76 | 69.43 |
Zinc recovery | 14.65 | 15.74 | 16.83 | 11.23 |
It can be seen from Table 5 that different kinds of amine collectors can achieve effective collection of lead, but mixed amines have better selective collection of lead. Therefore, mixed amines are selected as lead collectors. 100g/t.
(5) The amount and analysis of activators
Determine the index of lead ore flotation reagents. Under the conditions of butyl xanthate 200g/t and 2# oil 60g/t, the effects of different amounts of copper sulfate on the flotation index of zinc oxide were investigated. The results of flotation test are shown in Table 6. .
Table 6 Effect of different activators on lead ore flotation index
Copper sulfate dosage g/t | 150 | 250 | 350 | 450 |
Zinc grade | 19. 78 | 17. 23 | 13.35 | 11. 34 |
Zinc recovery | 61.65 | 67.74 | 68.85 | 69.27 |
It can be seen from Table 6 that as the amount of copper sulfate increases, the zinc grade gradually decreases, but the recovery rate increases. However, when the amount of copper sulfate is increased to 350 g/ton, the zinc recovery rate is not significantly increased, so the amount of copper sulfate is determined to be 350. g / ton.
According to the above test results, the parameters of the lead-zinc ore flotation process were determined as follows: sodium hydroxide ore slurry pH to 9, sodium hexametaphosphate 300g/t, sodium sulfide 3kg/t, copper sulfate 350g/t, butyl yellow dosage 200g/t, No. 2 oil 60g/t was tested in a small closed circuit. The test procedure was a rough and three-time selection. Under the conditions of lead and zinc feeding grades of 3.54% and 5.86, the lead grade was obtained as 45.23%. The rate is 73.51%, the zinc grade is 40.56%, and the recovery rate is 76.21 flotation index.
V. Conclusion
The vulcanization-amine method can effectively realize the flotation recovery of high-iron sludge lead-zinc ore. Sodium sulfide needs appropriate dosage to obtain better vulcanization effect. Mixed amine has better recovery ability and selectivity for lead ore. Sodium hexametaphosphate has a good dispersion effect and can significantly improve the flotation effect of lead ore. Zinc sulfate + sodium sulfite is a good inhibitor of zinc. The addition of copper sulfate can activate zinc ore and improve the flotation of zinc. index.
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