1. Gasoline engine There is no doubt that Japan's Mitsubishi has almost monopolized the supply of gasoline engines for all self-owned brands that cannot produce their own engines. Mitsubishi Corporation, which has a low market share in China, was under the bridge of Chinese auto giant Yang Rong at that time. In 1997, it established aerospace Mitsubishi in Shenyang, Liaoning, and in 1996, set up Dongan Mitsubishi in Harbin, Heilongjiang to produce medium displacement. And the small displacement gasoline engine, for the then Hafei, Southeast, Brilliance and other companies supporting. With the rise of independent brands such as Chery, Geely, Brilliance, and BYD around 1999, the two engine companies invested by Mitsubishi in China have made rapid progress in the case of not being able to produce their own engines at the beginning of their construction. Less money.
According to incomplete statistics, the models using Dongan Mitsubishi engine are: BYD F3, Brilliance Junjie, Southeast Lancer, Lingyue, Xiwang, Hafei Racing, Saibao, Zhongtai 5008, popular Jingyi, Changfeng Feiteng... using Shenyang Aerospace Mitsubishi engine Models include: BYD F6, Brilliance Zunchi, Junjie, Jinbei Sea Lion, Chery Oriental Son, Ford Transit, Jianghuai Binyue, Shanghai Yinglun TX4, Emgrand EC8, Southeast Lingyue, Junge, Golan, Jiangling Landwind, Haima 3, Liuqi Popular MPV, Changfeng Cheetah, Great Wall Harvard, Jiayu, Huatai Traka, Beiqi Yusheng, Knight, Futian Mengpike, scenery, Zhengzhou Nissan Odin, ZTE Unlimited, Weihu, Shuguang proud, Qisheng...
2, diesel engine In the light diesel engine, Isuzu is undoubtedly the king. The Japanese diesel engine and commercial vehicle giant established Qingling Motors and Jiangling Motors in Chongqing, Sichuan, and Nanchang, Jiangxi, respectively, in 1984 and 1985, and began producing Isuzu pickup trucks, light trucks and matching 4JB1 engines. With the downline of light passengers such as Ford Transit and Futian Landscape, Isuzu Engine has found the Blue Ocean in the light passenger market. At present, almost all of the diesel engines used in China's pickup trucks, light trucks and light passengers are purchased from Isuzu or produced using Isuzu technology.
In terms of heavy-duty diesel engines, Cummins Inc. is the leader in the United States. The US independent engine manufacturer has established four companies in China only in terms of machine production: Dongfeng Cummins, Xi'an Cummins, Chongqing Cummins, and Futian Cummins. The scope of support covers Dongfeng, Shaanxi Auto Heavy Truck, Chongqing Tiema, and Futian Europe. Man and other heavy truck companies, Yutong, Jinlong, Youth, Zhongtong and other bus companies, as well as construction machinery enterprises such as Sany Heavy Industry, Zoomlion and Xugong. It can be said that Cummins has almost monopolized the market of China's high-end heavy-duty diesel engines.
3. EFI system In order to meet the increasingly stringent emission requirements of ZF in China, EFI systems must be installed on all cars currently produced in China. Bosch in Germany, Delphi in the United States, and Denso in Japan (belonging to the Toyota Group) have almost monopolized all of China's EFI market share. Among them, Bosch's market share is one of the largest, exceeding 60%. From self-owned brands to foreign brands, from cars to trucks, from petrol to diesel, Chinese consumers will contribute thousands of dollars to each of the three foreign companies.
4, heavy-duty transmission The United States Eaton, Germany ZF two companies not only control the development and sales of heavy-duty transmissions around the world, but also almost monopolize the Chinese heavy-duty transmission market. As early as the beginning of China's reform and opening up in 1980s, Eaton and ZF transferred the heavy-duty transmission manufacturing technology to the Shaanxi Automobile Manufacturing Plant and the Sichuan Automobile Manufacturing Plant, respectively, for the Steyr heavy truck type that was introduced at the same time. It is the two main players in China's heavy-duty transmission market: Fast and Lijiang Gear.
Now, the two international transmission giants have set up factories in China. In 1997, Eaton set up a factory in Shanghai to produce heavy-duty trucks, focusing on the high-end market. In 2003, it established a joint venture with Fastec and Hunan Torch to set up Eaton Fast Gear (Xi'an) Co., Ltd. for China National Heavy Duty Truck, Dongfeng, FAW and Foton. And other manufacturers supporting; 2004 and FAW joint venture to establish FAW Eaton Transmission Co., Ltd., mainly supporting the liberation of heavy trucks.
In 1998, ZF set up a factory-owned transmission in Suzhou. In 2004, it set up a joint venture with SAIC to produce a transmission for passenger cars. In 2005, it set up a factory-owned transmission in Hangzhou. In 2010, it cooperated with many years of cooperation. Achieve joint ventures to further expand the low-end market.
No matter how fierce the competition in China's heavy-duty truck market and how the profit rate declines, the two foreign companies, Eaton and ZF, who are lurking behind the scenes, will sneer and take profits.
5, car transmission Toyota Holding's Aisin is the world's largest automatic transmission manufacturer and the world's fifth largest auto parts company, has extended its reach to all corners of the Chinese automotive industry. In 1996, Tangshan Aisin Gear Co., Ltd. was established as a joint venture to produce manual transmissions. In 2003, it became a wholly foreign-owned enterprise. In 2004, Tianjin Aida Automatic Transmission Co., Ltd. was established as a joint venture to produce automatic transmissions. According to my incomplete statistics, foreign brands using Aisin Transmission are: Porsche, Hummer, Lexus, Volvo, Jeep, Mitsubishi, Mazda, Hyundai, Kia, Suzuki, Fiat, Alfa Romeo, Isuzu, Hino, Daihatsu... The joint venture brands of the letter transmission are: Shanghai GM, Shanghai Volkswagen, FAW Volkswagen, FAW Audi, Beijing Benz, Dongfeng Peugeot, Dongfeng Citroen, FAW Toyota, GAC Toyota, Changan Suzuki...
The independent brands that use Aisin Transmission are: BYD, Southeast, Great Wall, Brilliance, Changan, MG, Roewe, FAW Pentium, Dongfeng Fengshen, Guangqi Chuanqi...
6. The auto parts and components of the automobile are multinational parts giants represented by Johnson Controls, Delphi (formerly General Motors Parts Division), Visteon (formerly Ford Auto Parts Division), and French Faurecia, not only domestic automakers. Manufacture of interiors and exterior parts such as seats, instrument panels, armrests, door trims, roof trims, bumpers, lights, wipers, air conditioners, etc. the design of. These companies design and manufacture interior and exterior components for almost all domestic passenger vehicle manufacturers.
7, skylight system From the high-end Rolls-Royce, Bentley to the low-end Chery, Xiali, the sunroof used in the car actually came from the same company - Germany Webast. Germany's Webast won the first skylight patent in 1936, and now has a market share of more than 70% in the global automotive sunroof. Webast supplies almost all domestic joint venture brands and independent brands.
8, tires from the low-end South Korea's Kumho, Hantai, to the mid-range US Goodyear, Italy Pirelli, the United Kingdom Dunlop, Bridgestone, Youke Haoma, and then to the high-end French Michelin, all of which are all foreign capital . Most of the domestic tire market is limited to mini vehicles and commercial vehicles. Such as the new triangle.
9. Automotive design is not only the world's four major accounting firms, but also the world's four major automotive design fields: Broadcom, Pininfarina, Giugiaro, Idiya, and four Italian companies from all over the world. The company has designed the appearance. Broadcom has always been a stable partner of Lamborghini, Fiat and Maserati; Pininfarina has become a close friend of Ferrari and almost monopolized all Ferrari products. In the early 1950s, it also produced 27,000 Alfa Romeo Giulietta models. Frequent guests, please Benedictia designed Buick Lido50, Cadillac Convertible, Chevrolet Lumina MPV, second-generation Daewoo Traveller (ie domestic Buick Excelle) and other models; the famous Giugiaro designed Volkswagen Golf, Passat , Audi 80, Bugatti, SEAT, Fiat Panda, Pendo, Uno, Lancia Delta and many other classic models.
In 1996, Pininfarina successfully designed the “Chinese-Italian†micro-face for Hafei Automobile, marking the beginning of the four major global markets. Binni Farina has designed Hafei Saibao, Lubao, Jianghuai Tongyue, Chery A3 and M14, Changfeng Feiteng, etc.; Georgia Luo's works include Brilliance Zunchi, Junjie, FAW Pentium, Dongfeng Fengshen H30, etc.; There are first-generation works such as Buick LaCrosse, Lufeng Fashion, Changan CM8, Benben and Haima 3; the works of Botong are few and there are only Changhe Aidier and Chery Ruilin G6. Since 2004, they have set up branches in China. Currently, one-third of Benny Farina's business comes from China, and Idia's China business accounts for 40% of total revenue.
10. Engine design Austria AVL, Germany FEV, and UK Ricardo are the three independent engine design companies in the world. Together with the Italian VM focusing on the diesel engine field, the four companies monopolize the engine design of domestic independent brands.
At present, AVL's customers in China mainly include: Chery, Weichai, Xichai, Dachai, Shangchai, Yunnei and so on.
The Italian VM company, which is in the same city as Ferrari, Lamborghini and Maserati, provided engines for the Land Rover Range Rover, Rover 800 and Alfa Romeo in the last century. Since 2004, Jiangling, Huatai, Changfeng, Great Wall and SAIC have successively purchased VM diesel engine manufacturing technology and key production equipment and started to produce their own diesel engines. German FEV began to sell engine technology to Guangxi Yucha as early as 1980s. At present, its main customers in China include: FAW, SAIC, Brilliance, Landwind, Yuchai, Yunnei and so on. British Ricardo began supplying diesel engines to London buses and French Citroen in 1930s. In recent years, the main achievements were to design DSG transmissions for the Audi R8 and Bugatti Veyron, to help BMW optimize the K1200 series of motorcycle engines, and to help McLaren design its The first engine is the M838T. At present, Ricardo's customers in China include: FAW, SAIC, Great Wall, Lifan and so on.
Summarizing from the above facts, we can easily see that the core and key component technologies are all controlled by foreign investors. China's own-brand automobile companies can only complete the preliminary market research, product definition, appearance and interior design, and medium-term stamping and welding. , painting, final assembly, testing, and later dealer recruitment, sales management and other steps. Most of the previous market surveys were commissioned by international market research companies such as ACNielsen. The design was mostly commissioned by the car design company in Turin, Italy. The interior design was commissioned by the company such as Johnson Controls; later distribution The standard of recruitment is even lower. Regardless of whether you have sold or not sold a car before, or a company that used to sell cables or sellers, you can get sales rights if you have the funds and agree with what I call "corporate culture." Chinese local auto companies are more and more like computer city assembly stores, as long as they can "integrate global vehicle resources", they can pull out a whole vehicle. Chinese goods are self-improvement!
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