[Chemical composition] Ca can be replaced by Na, TR, Mn, Sr, Ba; Ti can be replaced by Al, Fe 3+ , Nb, Ta, Th, Sn, Cr; O can be replaced by (OH), F, Cl.
[Crystal structure] monoclinic system; 
a 0 =0.655 nm, b 0 =0.870 nm, c 0 =0.743 nm; β=119°43′; Z=4. The coordination number of Ca 2+ in the structure is 7, which is rarely seen in other minerals. The isolated [SiO 4 ] tetrahedron and the [TiO 6 ] octahedron are bonded to the [CaO 7 ] polyhedron, and the structure has an O 2 - which is not bonded to Si, and can be replaced by (OH), F or Cl as an additional anion.
[Form] There are various crystal forms, and the common crystal form is a flat envelope crystal having a wedge-shaped cross section (Fig. G-17, G-18).
Figure G-17 Meteorite crystal
(quoted from Pan Zhaoyu et al., 1993)
Oblique column: m{110}, n{111}; parallel double-sided: c{001}, x{102}, a{100}
Figure G-18 Crystal assembly of vermiculite
[Physical properties] honey yellow, brown, green, gray, black, component contains large amount of MnO, it can be red or rose; colorless or white streak; transparent to translucent; adamantyl gloss, oil sheen or Resin gloss. Cleavage {110} medium; with {221} split. Hardness 5 to 6. The relative density is 3.29~3.60.
[genesis and occurrence] Vermiculite is widely distributed in various magma as a secondary mineral, as seen in granite and syenite. Large crystals are seen in the syenite pegmatite.
[Identification feature] It can be distinguished from other honey-colored minerals by its characteristic flat envelope-like crystal shape and wedge-shaped cross section.
[Uses] can be used when a large amount of titanium ore, ore markers may be used as the rare element deposits. Beautiful and transparent color is also used as a raw material for gemstones .
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