It is reported that Putin has reached an agreement with the other two heads of state and government prime ministers on matters concerning the unified importation of automobile taxes and fees, and has instructed the Russian Ministry of Economy and Trade to contact the relevant departments of Kazakhstan and Belarus to initiate unified taxation within the unified economic space framework. mechanism.
Putin also added that the unified taxation link must be controlled to the extent that it does not cause losses to any auto manufacturing company in a unified economic space. Regarding the fact that the compulsory government and municipal agencies can only purchase cars produced in a unified economic space, Putin said that it must also negotiate with Kazakhstan and Belarus.
The relevant report stated that Russia’s measures to prevent the reduction of automobile import tariffs after its accession to the WTO have impacted and damaged its domestic auto industry.
According to reports, Putin proposes to collect charges for the recycling of all vehicles, including imported cars. The only difference is that imported vehicles need to be paid immediately, while domestic automakers only need to guarantee the recovery of self-produced vehicles. The specific rates have not yet been disclosed, but it is estimated that it may be 5%-10%.
The Russian government explained that the collection of car wastes for return charges is not to compensate for the reduction caused by lowering import tariffs, but for the disposal of scrapped cars in the future, including both Russian-made cars and imported cars. The levy of this fee does not conflict with the rules of the WTO, and many countries, including the United States, Japan, and the European Union, have implemented mandatory collection.
Sheet metal forming processes are those in which force is applied to a piece of sheet metal to modify its geometry rather than remove any material. The applied force stresses the metal beyond its yield strength, causing the material to plastically deform, but not to fail. By doing so, the sheet can be bent or stretched into a variety of complex shapes. Sheet metal forming processes include the following:
l Bending
l Roll forming
l Deep Drawing
l Stretch forming
Bending
Bending is a metal forming process in which a force is applied to a piece of sheet metal, causing it to bend at an angle and form the desired shape. A bending operation causes deformation along one axis, but a sequence of several different operations can be performed to create a complex part. Bent parts can be quite small, such as a bracket, such as a large enclosure or chassis.
V bending and Wipe bending
Roll forming
Roll forming, is a metal forming process in which sheet metal is progressively shaped through a series of bending operations. The process is performed on a roll forming line. Each station has a roller, referred to as a roller die, positioned on both sides of the sheet. The shape and size of the roller die may be unique to that station, or several identical roller dies may be used in different positions. The roller dies may be above and below the sheet, along the sides, at an angle, etc. the roller dies are lubricated to reduce friction between the die and the sheet, thus reducing the tool wear. Also, lubricant can allow for a higher production rate, which will also depend on the material thickness, number of roll stations, and radius of each bend. The roll forming line can also include other Sheet Metal Fabrication operations before or after the roll forming, such as punching or shearing.
Deep drawing
Deep drawing is a metal forming process in which sheet metal is stretched into the desired part shape. A tool pushes downward on the sheet metal, forcing it into a die cavity in the shape of the desired part. The tensile forces applied to the sheet cause it to plastically deform into a cup-shaped part. Deep drawn parts are characterized by a depth equal to more than half of the diameter of the part. These parts can have a variety of cross sections with straight, tapered, or even curved walls, but cylindrical or rectangular parts are most common. Deep drawing is most effective with ductile metals, such as aluminum, brass, copper, and mild steel. Examples of parts formed with deep drawing include automotive bodies and fuel tanks, cans, cups, kitchen sinks, and pots and pans
Stretch Forming
Stretch forming is a metal forming process in which a piece of sheet metal is stretched and bent simultaneously over a die in order to form large contoured parts. Stretch forming is performed on a stretch press, in which a piece of sheet metal is securely gripped along its edges by gripping jaws. The gripping jaws are each attached to a carriage that is pulled by pneumatic or hydraulic force to stretch the sheet. The tooling used in this process is a stretch form block, called a form die, which is a solid contoured piece against which the sheet metal will be pressed. The most common stretch presses are oriented vertically, in which the form die rests on a press table that can be raised into the sheet by a hydraulic ram. As the form die is driven into the sheet, which is gripped tightly at its edges, the tensile forces increase and the sheet plastically deforms into a new shape. Horizontal stretch presses mount the form die sideways on a stationary press table, while the gripping jaws pull the sheet horizontally around the form die
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