REVIEW: At present, most urban rivers in China have evolved into black and smelly water bodies. In many cities of our country, the organic pollution of the river is ubiquitous and increasingly prominent. The urban sewage is directly discharged into the river and flows through the urban area with serious pollution. The seasonal or year-old black and smelly water body has become the water to be solved urgently in the current urban river pollution in our country Environmental issues.
The so-called black and smelly organic pollution is an extreme phenomenon is due to water oxygen, organic matter caused by corruption.
Black smelly state is an extreme state of water, its own characteristics are also very different from other states. Its physical and chemical environment is characterized by strong reduction, organic and inorganic pollution is extremely serious, water smell, is not suitable for aquatic life, aquatic vegetation degradation or even extinction, phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthic fauna only a small amount of fouling species exist. Broken food chains, fragmented food webs, serious structural imbalances in ecosystems, and serious deterioration or even loss of functions.
The ecological restoration system, the solution to black and smelly water can be used artificial lake self-purification system and other ecological restoration project, let's take a look at artificial lake self-purification system and ecological engineering and technology options
First, the water purification program options
Physical Law
The physical method includes the concentration of impurity in the diversion water of diversion and dewatering, and a series of engineering and technical measures such as dredging, sand filling, nutrient passivation, bottom aeration, dilute flushing, adjusting the ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus in the lake, covering bottom sediment and flocculation and settling are removed Sediment pollution, or use of water-based aeration filter or quartz sand filter sand filter water quality.
Physical method requires huge amount of water or electricity, the initial investment is also high, the cost of routine maintenance of equipment is high, while filtration will also be useful algae filtration exhausted, but not conducive to ecological construction, nor from Fundamentally solve the problem of water quality pollution.
Chemical method
Chemical method is the use of chemical reagents dosing to remove pollutants in the lake to achieve water purification. Eutrophic lakes, water contains excessive N, P elements, adding bactericidal algicide can easily allow the water to meet the standards, but over time, the water will appear resistant algae, algaecide efficacy will gradually decline, the administration The interval will be shorter and shorter, and the amount of dosing will be more and more, algaecide varieties have to be replaced frequently, the pollution of the environment is also constantly increasing, and this pollution will affect our next generation .
Chemical treatment of water quality, though it is immediate, but its harm is obvious.
3. Water self-purification system of ecological construction
Ecological construction is an artificially established ecological balance system in water area, that is, aquatic ecosystem. The energy flow and material transfer within the system form a dynamic change. The use of aquatic food (nutrition) relationship, by the life system and the environmental system A variety of factors, interrelated, mutual restraint, mutual causality and form a unified ecological whole. Without human intervention, the entire water ecosystem can adapt to the impact of the external environment on it, in a relative ecological balance, and human symbiotic coexistence. Therefore, it is the most scientific, the most natural and the most "green" way to adopt the way of establishing the self-purification system of biological-ecological water body to keep the lake clean.
Therefore, the project uses the method of ecological construction to achieve the construction of lake self-purification system.
Second, the specific implementation plan
1. Control of pollutants
1) The control measures of exogenous pollutants mainly refer to the control measures on the water body, air pollution, tourism pollution and surrounding living pollution entering the lake to avoid and reduce the amount of pollutants entering the lake. Cut this source of external pollution load, can be in the lake nearshore shallow water plants planted plants, emergent plants with water purification of suspended solids, chloride, organic nitrogen, sulfate capacity, the removal of phosphorus in water was 65% , At the same time, it has the aesthetic value of beautifying water landscape.
2) The control measures of endogenous pollutants mainly refer to the control measures taken for sediment and lake aquatic animals and plants. Mainly through the restoration of large submerged macrophytes, submerged macrophytes consume large amounts of nutrients in the sediments in horizontal and vertical growth, while submerged macrophytes have fixed sediments to control sediment resuspension.
2. Aquatic ecosystem engineering construction
1) Ecological Construction of Aquatic Vegetation in Shallow Water Area
Aquatic vegetation in shallow lakes refers to the submerged, floating and emergent plants that grow in shallow water. In the process of constructing it, the core of technology is the selection of vegetation and the formation of aquatic communities.
In horizontal space, the function of the construction area determines the distribution and type of vegetation. For most lakes, the main purpose of aquatic vegetation construction is to improve the water quality of the water body. Therefore, the plants with good fouling resistance and strong removal of nitrogen and phosphorus, such as Eichhornia crassipes, Azolla, etc., are selected; from the landscape point of view, To meet the ecological construction of the premise, the color of plants to match. In vertical space, emergent water, floating water and submerged plant communities are mainly configured according to hydrological conditions. From the landscape point of view, the ratio of the vegetation covering the water surface to the exposed water surface Maintained properly, aquatic plants and floating in the water growing plants also hold a certain percentage. If you do not maintain this balance, there will be adverse visual effects of reduced water area. Similarly, because many plants are not perennial, the vegetation community configuration also needs to take into account the functional substitution between different plants throughout the year.
2) Lakefront ecological construction
At present, the main lakeside ecological construction technologies are: lakeside wetland engineering technology, aquatic vegetation restoration engineering technology, artificial floating island engineering technology and river corridor waterfront biological restoration technology. The project uses the most commonly used ecological construction technology --- constructed wetlands, including the construction of the protection zone around the lake and the estuary wetland system. In addition, supplemented by artificial floating islands, it is necessary to supplement and supplement the waters that are difficult to exchange with wetlands.
Constructed wetland construction main content:
â‘ wetland location and size of the determination.
â‘¡ wetland matrix recovery. Select the permeability of wetland materials to restore the bottom sediment, ecological gravel commonly used; Laying impermeable layer at the bottom to prevent pollution of groundwater.
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