·年检7000万辆车 收费竟高达100多亿元

排队领号、填表审查、上线检测、交钱走人……这是每个车主每年都绕不过去的一个耗时耗钱的痛苦“仪式”。
    流于形式、巧立名目乱收费、形成庞大地下灰色利益链……这是从未停止的对当前机动车年检制度的质疑。
    现行机动车年检的实际效果有多大?为什么一些国家没有“车检”制度依旧好好的?放宽车检时限乃至取消车检制度是否是大势所趋?
    不可或缺的“车检”?
    公安部交管局今年1月公布的数据显示:截至2014年底,我国机动车保有量达2.64亿辆,其中汽车1.54亿辆;机动车驾驶人突破3亿人,其中汽车驾驶人超过2.46亿人。
    按照道路交通安全法及实施条例规定,营运载客汽车和大型、中型非营运载客汽车分别5年以内和10年以内每年检验1次,超过后每6个月检验1次;小型、微型非营运载客汽车6年以内每2年检验1次;超过6年的,每年检验1次。
    “机动车年检相当于是做一次‘体检’,目的在于及时发现问题,实现防患于未然。”湖北省宜昌市公安局交警支队车辆管理所副所长邓祖波介绍。
    天津市交管局安监处负责人表示,对机动车进行检测比较重要,一年驾龄的驾驶人大概占到全部驾驶人总数的一成以上,三年驾龄以下的驾驶人更是占到了将近四成。相对年轻的汽车驾驶人结构,自身并不足以承担汽车安全的识别、消除,如果取消年检,汽车本身存在的安全隐患就很难被发现。
    在公安部与质检总局联合召开的加强和改进机动车检验工作电视电话会议上,有关部门透露,我国“平均每年检验汽车7000多万辆次,及时发现严重安全隐患车辆300多万辆,对预防和减少道路交通事故发挥了重要作用”。
    耗资巨大检验流于形式
    但在官方数据的背后,公众看到的更多是车检中存在的种种问题,甚至屡屡引发“集体吐槽”。
    专家测算,我国平均每年7000多万辆次车辆年检,每次车辆检验需要100-200元,全国在车辆检测上要花费100多亿元。
    河南车主彭伟说,每次验车都要排队拥挤,浪费时间。“一大早就到检测场,然后就能看到已经有一大堆车在排队。每一项检查都排着大队,即使车没任何问题,至少也要半天的时间”,“纯属浪费时间走形式”。
    “走过场”的问题更是让人恼火。天津车主小李有一辆经过改装的三菱轿车,“进排气系统、发动机、轮毂、刹车系统和车载电脑全改了。”按照规定,这样的车辆肯定无法通过年检,但实际上他的车每年都能顺利通过年检。“把别人的车轮换上,临时拆掉改装的尾翼,没人会拆开发动机看。”小李说。
    尤其恶劣的是,在一些地方,车检检测线之外一条庞大的灰色利益链已成为“公开的秘密”。“黑中介”“车托”之类的“寄生”者勾结检验部门部分工作人员的问题屡见不鲜。检验不严格,花钱就能过;有的“黄牛”瞅准生财之道办起“代检”业务。
    事实上,车检“形式主义”,检测沦为“花架子”,正使得车检制度存在的必要性大打折扣。
    取消车检是大势所趋?
    2014年5月,公安部与质检总局联合推出机动车检验改革新规——《关于加强和改进机动车检验工作的意见》,试行非营运轿车6年内免检,并推进检验机构社会化。
    以宜昌市为例,以往检验机构没有社会化,具有资质的检测点只有1家,每逢车检高峰期,时常出现检测“供不应求”的状况,部分车主需要长时间等候。目前,宜昌全市已经有12家具备检测资质的社会化机构。
    机动车检验改革新规中,放宽了检测时限,提出试行非营运轿车6年内免予上线检验、直接领取检验标志。湖北省、天津市等多地交管部门接受记者采访时指出,这是考虑到当前汽车产品质量不断提升,许多私家车出行频率不高、行驶里程偏少、定期保养较好等实际情况,而作出的针对性调整。
    但有观点认为,车检新政只是解决了部分问题。武汉大学知名社会学者尚重生指出,随着条件的逐渐成熟,应当逐步探索取消车检制度。华中科技大学公共管理学院教授王国华认为,对于非营运轿车从放宽时限到最终取消车检制度,应该是大势所趋,因为非营运轿车的车检更多体现的是“对自己负责”。
    事实上,放宽乃至取消车辆年检制度在现实中似乎并不是问题。比如,美国的车检是由各州自己管理负责的,部分州没有汽车年检的立法,法国新车前4年不需年检,加拿大则没有年检之说。
    但取消车检亦不乏反对意见,不少人对于取消汽车年检是否会增加交通安全事故心怀顾虑。公安部数据显示,2013年,全国仍有133.8万辆大中型客货车逾期未进行安全检验。在人员伤亡事故中,有6790起是由于机动车安全性能不合格导致的,造成一万多人伤亡。
    理不辩不清,事不面对不行。或许,取消非营运车辆年检不可能一蹴而就,但在专家和公众广泛讨论的基础上,直面问题,完善调整,及时契合社会的发展和现实的要求,而非固守既有制度,一成不变,无疑是必须的。

Welding Service

Welding Sheet Metal
Sheet Metal Welding
Welding, by definition, is the process of joining two metals together by heating the metal surfaces up to their melting points. However, the process of welding isn`t as simple as it sounds. Welding is a highly technical process, with numerous types and techniques that only skilled personnel are able to understand and practice

Considerations for welding
Heat: Different types of materials are also subject to distortion. This is the case with thinner ones. Warping can also occur if the heat is too high
Process selection: In order to avoid the usual problems that come with welding thin metal, you should carefully consider the process you are using.
Equipment: need to consider the equipment that used and choose the right method to weld.

Welding sheet metal methods

MIG Welding

What is MIG welding?
Metal Inert Gas (MIG) is also known as gas metal arc welding (GMAW). This type of welding is basically an arc welding process that joins two metals. This is done by heating the metals with the help of an arc. This arc is formed between the surface to be welled and a continuously fed filler electrode. This type of welding uses a shielding gas to protect the molten pool of weld metal from reacting with elements present in the atmosphere. MIG welding requires a DCEP (Direct Current Positive Electrode), also known as Reverse Polarity

What Metals Can Be MIG-Welded?
One of the major reasons why MIG welding is so common is that it can be used to weld any metal (almost). Although the weld quality from MIG welding is not superior to other types of welding, MIG welding is one of the fastest and the most cost-efficient welding processes. Moreover, MIG welds are great, if not perfect.
The metals that are most commonly welded by this type of welding include stainless steel, carbon steel, and aluminum, with carbon steel being the easiest metal to MIG weld.

Applications of MIG Welding
Some of the most important applications of MIG welding are listed below:
a)The most common application of MIG welding is in the automotive industry. No matter what the size of the vehicle is, MIG welding is employed for automotive repairs. The reason why MIG welding is the top choice for automotive repairs is that it provides sturdy and robust welds up to a mark of 0.5mm.
b)It is used in sheet metal welding
c)MIG welding is used in pipe welds. Not only does it form efficient and long-lasting welds but it also saves on time and cost

Advantages of MIG Welding
The use of MIG welding is widespread for all the right reasons – high-quality welds for non-ferrous and ferrous alloys at a fairly low price. It is associated with numerous benefits:

a)It has the ability to join many types of materials
b)It can join materials of different thicknesses
c)The equipment components are simple, and thus, readily available in the market at very affordable prices
d)The electrode efficiencies of MIG welding are higher (92-98%) as compared to other types of welding
e)MIG welding is associated with higher operator factor and welder efficiencies
f)It can be easily adapted for hard automation, high-speed robotic, and semi-automatic applications
g)MIG welding comes with the capability of all-position welding
h)The appearance of weld bead formed from MIG welding is excellent
i)The hydrogen weld deposit in MIG welding is lower
j)It requires a lower heat input as compared to other types of welding
k)The slag and weld spatter is kept at a minimum in MIG welding, which makes the cleaning of the weld easy and quick
l)Less amount of welding fumes are produced in MIG welding which makes it safer for welders
m)The cost of weld metal/ length deposited is lower making MIG welding a cost-effective welding process
n)The skill level needed for MIG welding is lower than what`s needed for other types of welding, making it suitable for beginners
o)The welding wire in MIG welding runs continuously with lesser downtime for electrodes replacement
p)MIG welding is excellent for tack and spot welds
TIG Welding for Sheet Metal
TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) welding sheet metal is certainly one of the most common welding methods. This is an arc welding process with an infusible (tungsten) electrode, protected by inert gas (the gases most commonly used are argon or helium), which can be performed with or without filler metal
What is the thinnest sheet metal that can be welded?
A welder should approach welding thin materials with caution. You should also take into account the type of material and the welding process you are planning to implement. Gas metal arc welding (GMAW) is a very effective method in joining together thinner materials. So, for instance, you can work on 18-ga. to 0.1875-in. stainless steel or 24-ga. to 0.1875-in. carbon steel.
How do you stop a weld distortion?
Sometimes when welding sheet metal, distortion can occur due to the thickness of the material. Even something minimal likes to patch a panel can end up with devastating effects. The best way to prevent this is to avoid creating distortion as much as possible.
Some methods include:
ï‚·Size of weld: Avoid overwhelming when making a weld seam.
ï‚·Intermittent welding: Try making breaks instead of a single long weld.
ï‚·Fewer weld passes: The more weld passes a welder makes the greater the chance of shrinking the materials. Try making less.
ï‚·Welding placement: You should weld near the neutral axis or the center or the part.
ï‚·Backset welding: A welder should weld from left to right, placing every weld seam from left to right rather than the opposite way.
ï‚·Preset parts: Make trial welds before you start the process by setting the parts together.
ï‚·Use clamps: Clamps are a good way to use instead of a tack weld. You simply clamp down the parts and set them in the desired way before you start welding.
ï‚·Thermal stress relief: The process involves controlled heating of the weldment followed by controlled colling afterward.
ï‚·Minimize welding time: The more time you take to weld a panel the greater the chances are of creating distortion. Simply try shortening the time needed to weld

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