The general plan transportation design of the mine is a complex system engineering. There are many factors involved. In the design process, all aspects should be coordinated and properly handled, and the internal and external transportation of the mine should be reasonably organized to make overall planning for the mine. A reasonable overall layout plan for the mine can play an important role in the economic benefits of long-term mine production and the subsequent development of the mine. Reasonable overall layout design can achieve smooth mining production process, save construction investment, reduce production costs, and beautify the environment [1-5]. In this study, general layout and transportation design practice an Australian iron ore mining joint project to explore the mines reasonable economic layout and overall transport solutions so that all building (structure) within the mine layout and building process was to form an organic whole, to meet Mine production and living needs, improve the economic and social benefits of mining enterprises.
1 project overview
An iron ore mine in Australia is located 233km east of A city (port city) in Western Australia. The mining area is about 110km east of city B. The south side has a highway from city A to city B. The nearest railway is 177km. The railway line can reach A. city. The SN direction of the ore belt in the mining area is more than 27km long. The study only developed the northern part. The elevation of the area is 315~495m, and the relative height difference is 180m. The terrain is relatively flat. The terrain of the mining area is high in the west, low in the east, low in the north and low in the south. The ore body is tilted westward, and there is obvious natural gully on the east side of the mining area. The mine design includes mining system, beneficiation system, tailings system and corresponding public and auxiliary facilities. The production scale is 15 million t/a of ore processing capacity, and the service life is 35a.
2 overall layout of the mining area
The iron ore is divided into two open pits in the north and south. The mining area consists of open pit mining, mining industrial sites, concentrating plants, power supply facilities, water supply facilities, blasting materials storage, dumping sites, tailings ponds, administrative welfare areas, mining. Transport roads and auxiliary transport roads. The overall layout of the mine is based on the scale of the open pit, the location of the total access and exit, the elevation and the corresponding route and location of the main contact road of the mining area, and adopts the principle of centralized production and auxiliary layout. The mining and selection of industrial sites are relatively concentrated, while the auxiliary sites such as tailings facilities and explosives warehouses are distributed according to local conditions. Each functional area is based on the main contact road of the mining area, forming an overall pattern with clear functions, convenient connection, smooth logistics, and no interference with each other, which is convenient for mine production and life management. The mine uses road to develop transportation mode. The waste rock is transported by car to the dumping site. The raw ore is transported by car to the concentrator and dumped to the original mine silo. The ore is ironed in the concentrator after crushing, grinding, magnetic separation and dehydration. Fine powder and iron fine powder are transported by rail to the port, and tailings are transported by pipeline to the tailings pond for discharge. The general layout of the mine is that the open pit is divided into a mining area and a second mining area, of which one mining area is 12 million t/a and the second mining area is 3 million t/a. The total span of the first and second mining areas is about 7.6km.
The mine has 1# and 2# dumping sites, and a topsoil yard and an oxidized ore yard are set up next to each dumping site. 1# dumping site is located about 400m east of the first mining area; 2# dumping site is located about 450m east of the second mining area; the mining industry site is located on the east side of the first mining area and about 0.35km west of the first mining area; The ore dressing plant is arranged at about 0.8km east of the mining area, which is convenient to contact with the first and second mining areas; the tailings pond is located about 2.5km northwest of the concentrator; the total substation is arranged at the southwest corner of the concentrator; production The well is used for water extraction; the supporting blasting material library of the project is located at about 1.45km east of the second mining area; the administrative welfare area is arranged at about 500m to the south side of the concentrator. The overall layout of the mining area is shown in Figure 1.
3 factory (field) site selection
3.1 Factory (site) site selection principle
(1) Do not crush the ore body with mining value and avoid the danger range of open pit mining.
(2) The ore rock transportation volume and tailings transportation volume are large, and the transportation distance between the ore and tailings should be shortened as much as possible, pay attention to the logistics direction and avoid unnecessary reverse transportation.
(3) Conducive to environmental protection, soil and water conservation, pollution reduction, attention to wind direction and mutual constraints and impacts between sites. The selection of residential areas, dumps, tailings ponds and various plant areas should be considered together.
(4) Try to avoid the surface runoff valley line with large catchment area and keep away from the surface gullies.
(5) Comprehensively consider the distribution of mine resources, the source and quantity of goods entering and leaving, and the flow of products.
(6) Try to save land, reduce damage to the natural ecological environment, and leave appropriate development space.
3.2 Plant (site) site selection
3.2.1 dumping site
Due to the large amount of open pit mine stripping, combined with the stripped oxidized ore, the annual stripping amount is 37.702 million tons. Therefore, try to arrange the dumping site close to the open pit mine. The site on the west side of the first and second mining areas will gradually become higher. If the dumping site and the total mining in and out of the trench are arranged on the west side, the transportation volume will be increased and the transportation distance will inevitably increase. In addition, the western side of the mine resources has not been fully identified, if the dumping site is placed on the upper plate, it may overwhelm the mining body with mining value. Therefore, the design of the total mining and drainage and dumping sites are arranged in the lower part of the ore body and the east side of the open pit mine. The 1# and 2# dumping sites are set for the first and second mining divisions. In the site selection process, the 1# and 2# dumping sites also took into account the natural gullies on the east side of the open pit mine (the upstream catchment area is hundreds of square kilometers). To ensure smooth surface runoff during heavy rain, the design will be appropriate. Avoiding, to prevent floods from entering the open pit due to obstruction, the dumping site is placed in the lower part of the ore body, just in the windward side of the main wind in the stope, reducing the impact of dumping operations on mining operations. The waste rock in the late stage of a mining area can be piled up in the area where the first mining is completed in the early stage, which can effectively shorten the transportation distance of waste rock, reduce land use, and reduce the damage of the rock to the environment.
3.2.2 Mining Industry Site
The first and second mining areas of the mine are produced at the same time. According to the scale, production years and contact conditions of each mining area, the centralized layout is adopted, and the mining industry site is built close to the main mining area, which is beneficial to production management and equipment efficiency. The mining industry site is about 0.4, 2.3km away from the nearest entrance and exit of the first and second mining areas. The site is not only convenient to contact with the two mining areas, but also the only way to go from the stope to the ore dressing plant. Each service object is more convenient.
3.2.3 Concentrator
(1) Option 1. It is close to the main entrance and exit of a mining area, 0.8km away from a mining area and 2.4km away from the second mining area. The terrain is gentle and the slope is 0.55%. Advantages: 1 The ore dressing plant is close to the first and second mining areas, and close to a mining area. The original ore transportation distance is short; 2 the ore dressing plant is close to the mining industrial site and living area, and the contact between them is convenient and easy to manage. Disadvantages: 1 The transportation distance from the corresponding tailings pond (4km) is farther than the plan 2; 2 The iron ore concentrate transportation distance is 6km longer than the scheme 2; the 3rd mining area has partial reverse transportation; 4 The long-term southern mine cannot be considered Body mining; 5 external transmission lines are 1.3km longer than the second scheme.
(2) Option 2. It is close to the second mining area, with a distance of 5.6 and 1.4km from the first and second mining areas, and the terrain is gentle and the slope is 0.3%. Advantages: 1 The iron ore concentrate transportation distance is 6km shorter than the scheme 1; 2 The external transmission line is 1.3km shorter than the scheme 1; 3 pairs of the long-term southern ore body mining have certain consideration; 4 tailings transportation distance is 3.7km. Disadvantages: 1 The original ore transportation distance is large; 2 The industrial sites are scattered and arranged, and the cooperation is poor, which is not easy to manage.
The infrastructure cost of Option 1 is 22.325 million yuan, and the annual operating expenses are 25.217 million yuan; the infrastructure cost of the second plan is 2.20 million yuan, and the annual operating expenses are 42.549 million yuan. Although the infrastructure fee for the first option is slightly higher than that of the second option, the annual operating cost is significantly lower than that of the second major ore body, and the cooperation conditions between the first and the sites are better, which is convenient for mine operation and management. Although the first option can not take into account the long-term mining of the southern ore body in the future, considering that the design life of the plant is basically consistent with the mining period of the mine, it is also acceptable to relocate or rebuild the plant. Comprehensive analysis, the design adopted the first option.
4 iron fine powder transportation plan comparison
The total annual transportation volume of the iron fine powder is 4,092,200 tons. The iron fine powder is transported from the ore dressing plant to the port of A city and then shipped back to China. The mileage of the port from the concentrator to the city of A is about 249.5km. Now there is only road transportation. The concentrator is 177km away from the nearest railway line, which can lead to the port of A city. According to the actual situation of the mine, the iron fine powder transportation from the concentrator to the port of A city has three modes of road, railway and pipeline transportation. 1 Pipeline transportation scheme, after the iron concentrate slurry is concentrated, it will be transported by pipeline to the dewatering near the city of A. The return water will need to be built back to the mine for use. Due to the large pipeline transportation distance, the technical difficulty is high, the construction investment is large, and the management is complicated. In particular, there is a risk of leakage of the pipeline, which is not conducive to environmental protection, and the demineralized concentrate needs to be transported to the port twice. Therefore, the pipeline transportation scheme is not considered; 2 the road transportation scheme dehydrates the iron concentrate slurry in the concentrator. The iron fine powder is obtained, and the existing highway is used. The foreign professional transportation company transports the concentrate powder to the port of A city and uses the road train to transport. The company does not need more infrastructure investment, and the transportation mode is more flexible than the railway, but the operating cost is Higher; 3 railway transportation plan, transporting iron fines from the concentrating plant to the port of A city, constructing a 177km railway and connecting with the existing railway, and entrusting the railway operation company to transport the iron fine powder to the port of A city. The construction cost is high, subject to the establishment of the local government planning department, feasibility study, long preparation and construction period, but the operating costs of the program are low.
According to the analysis and comparison, the infrastructure investment of the road transport scheme is 21.4 million yuan less than the railway transport plan, but the annual operating cost is 42,518,700 yuan higher than the railway transport plan. If the railway transportation scheme is adopted, the operating expenses saved by the production of 5a are basically the same as the railway infrastructure costs. Therefore, considering the long-term development of the mine, the railway transportation of iron concentrates has obvious advantages.
5 discussion
(1) The general plan of the mine transportation design should first meet the Australian laws, regulations and technical standards. The general plan transportation design work is designed separately from the majors of process, civil engineering and pipelines. It is difficult for the general planners to fully understand the regulations related to the general plan in various industry specifications. It is necessary for the general plan designers to collect and read other Relevant professional specifications and identify the terms related to the general design.
(2) Australia is located in the tropics and subtropics. The precipitation decreases from the north, east and south sides to the inland, and the plant belts also have a semi-annular distribution. The coastal forest belt gradually transitions to the inland. Belt, desert belt. The project is located in western Australia and has the characteristics of a desert area, so it should be designed in accordance with local natural and geographical conditions.
(3) The Australian government attaches great importance to ecological environmental protection and workers' living and production environment. For example, an environmental pool should be set up in the plant area to discharge the rainwater from the site to the environmental pool. After sedimentation, it should not be directly discharged. The site selection should be avoided. The natural relics that need to be protected require good living and entertainment space for the staff camp. All kinds of supporting facilities should be complete, equipped with gymnasium, bar, emergency center, supporting TV, telephone, network and so on. The mine area should generally be equipped with an airstrip runway for emergency medical treatment and aircraft take-off and landing during emergency transportation. There are airports available in towns that are several kilometers away from the project, so there is no need to build an airport runway.
(4) Australia has high labor costs. The construction, production, maintenance and other processes use mechanical equipment. In the process of road design and channel setting in the plant area, it should be fully familiar with the technical parameters and working space of various types of vehicle equipment to ensure the applicability of the design.
references
[1] Lei Ming. General graphic design of industrial enterprises [M]. Xi'an: Shaanxi Science and Technology Press, 1998.
[2] Lei Ming. Site selection [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1992. [3] Zhou Li. Copper ore concentrator a large design choice site Tibet [J]. Mining Technology, 2012 (4): 121-124.
[4] Jiang Yinlin. The relationship between the general layout of the design of the ore dressing and the beneficiation process [J]. Non-ferrous metal design, 2003,30 (2): 23-25.
[5] Dai Hongkun, Wang Chong. Method and practice of site selection for non-ferrous metallurgical factories [J]. China Nonferrous Metallurgy, 2013, 42(4): 18-21.
Author: Hu Junfeng; Xi'an Nonferrous Metallurgy Design and Research Institute;
Article source: "Modern Mining"; 2016.8;
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