The number of members of the “Open-One (One-Pair Ether-Net) Alliance †group for the development and popularization of the Car Ethernet standard has rapidly increased. As of June 2013, more than 140 companies and groups have joined the OPENAlliance SIG, and only about 50 a year ago, and the number has increased by nearly double. In June 2013, Caterpillar, Peugeot Citroen, Toyota, Volkswagen, Volvo and other companies also joined the group.
The background of the rapid growth of OPENAlliance SIG recently was that the automotive industry began to steer toward the use of in-car Ethernet. Ethernet has been put into practical use for vehicle fault self-diagnosis (OBD) since around 2008. It is estimated that in the future, it will further expand its application while improving real-time performance, ensuring safety at the time of failure, reducing costs, and increasing data transmission speed. range. In the future, the scope of application of Ethernet may be expanded to a backbone network that connects gateways of various systems such as video transmission (information) systems, body systems, control systems, security systems, and information systems of on-board AV equipment.
There are two main reasons why Ethernet has been introduced into automotive applications. That is, communication speed is high and scalability is high. Ordinary Ethernet can increase the speed to 1 Gbps when using electrical signals, and can increase to 10 Gbps when using optical signals. In terms of scalability, when supporting TCP/IP commonly used in communication devices and consumer products, it can easily interact with external devices and network services.
Among car makers, BMW is very active in using in-car Ethernet. The company plans to use in-vehicle Ethernet in the camera system of cars that will be launched in September 2013.
OPENAllianceSIG is a group formed by companies such as Broadcom and BMW in November 2011. The purpose is to promote the application of physical layer based on Broadcom's Car Ethernet transmission technology "BroadR-Reach" and ensure connectivity. BroadR-Reach seems to be used on BMW's Ethernet-powered vehicles.
BroadR-Reach is characterized by the ability to achieve 100 Mbps with 1 pair of UTP in a tens of meters of travel distance required for in-vehicle use. Not only does it not need to be shielded, but also, while realizing 100Mbps data transmission speed, the number of wiring is less than the two "100Base-TX" two pairs of signal lines.
There are other companies that are studying the transmission technology that can compete with BroadR-Reach, that is, Marvell and Micrel, who are engaged in physical layer LSI services for OBD purposes. Both companies are vigorously developing related technologies. The goal is to expand the scope of application to camera systems and information systems.
The data transmission speed of the Car Ethernet physical layer LSI products such as BroadR-Reach can reach 100Mbps. At present, the 1 Gbps standard has been established for the purpose of expanding the use. The 1000Base-T used by consumer products realizes 1 Gbps speed with 4 pairs of signal lines. However, if 4 pairs of signal lines are directly used for automobiles, it is difficult in terms of cost and installation space.
Therefore, the IEEE802.3 working group "RTPGEStudyGroup" is discussing a technical standard that can realize a 1Gbps transmission speed with a signal line of 4 pairs or less. In addition to Broadcom, NXP, Merry, and Mery, which are engaged in the physical layer LSI business, large car manufacturers also joined the working group.
To use Ethernet in automotive applications, in addition to the physical layer, the data link layer must also be improved to improve real-time performance and ensure safety in the event of a failure. The "AVnu Alliance" established by companies such as Cisco and Intel in 2009 is the group that conducted discussions in this area. In order to build a high quality audiovisual environment in homes and cars, the group is actively promoting the adoption of "IEEE802.1Audio/VideoBridging (Ethernet AVB)". The automotive industry is looking at this point to discuss the real-time and fail-safe requirements for automotive applications. The development of a new generation of standards is currently under discussion.
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