The power used by large-scale construction machinery is not optimistic. Lao Zhu, a ship dealer, said when referring to the hulls he had been distributing for many years: “A reference to domestic diesel engines is associated with: the boss is awkward and runs into dripping; then he enters two ships. His host uses Weichai. The WD615 series feels very good."
Industry insider Zheng Luo (a pseudonym) told Xiaokang that the WD615 was the driving force for Steyr products introduced at the end of the 1970s. After the Ministry of Machinery Industry introduced products from Austria, the engine was handed over to Shandong Weifang Engine Factory. After nearly 20 years of digestion and absorption, WD615 series production capacity reached 200,000 units. Zheng Luo said that when this product was introduced from Austria, it was no longer Austria's latest product, and it is precisely this type of product that is still the current mainstream product of heavy trucks in China.
The market did not trade in technology
More and more people in the industry admit that: After 20 years of joint ventures, Chinese auto companies have not formed core technologies. This is also true of other industries. Statistics show that at present, China is mainly engaged in the introduction of foreign complete sets of equipment and production lines, and the introduction of patents and proprietary technologies is insufficient. In 2004, the total value of China's technology import contracts was US$1.386 billion, of which equipment and production lines accounted for 52.3%, and proprietary technologies accounted for only 29.8%.
Why is the market not getting the necessary technology? Jia Xinguang, chief analyst of China Automotive Industry Consultation and Development Corporation, once gave an example. In the initial stage of the Beijing Jeep Co., Ltd. joint venture, China sent an open call to an American engineer who was about to return home. The Americans at the farewell party raised this question: "You It's not that we have to learn technology. Why didn't anyone ask me?†Jia Xinguang believes that not using a car is equivalent to transferring technology. Some key areas still need to learn. Some people need to be dialed. However, quite a few companies only pay attention to the forms of joint ventures, introductions, etc.
Imitation of undigested absorption is also helping the machinery industry go astray. The ratio of the total amount of technology introductory expenses and the digestion and absorption expenses of large and medium-sized state-owned industrial enterprises in China is 1:0.06. The ratio of imported technology and digestion and absorption of Korean and Japanese companies reached 1:5 to 1:8.
In addition to indigestion, technical barriers are becoming a huge obstacle to China's introduction. At present, intellectual property rights have become a weapon for the developed countries, including the United States, to maintain the gap with the developing countries. More than one Western media has suggested that only the West can continue to lead in innovation to effectively respond to the rise of China. Song Biao, an engineer at a Beijing institute, said: "Euramerican has been cautiously maintaining its technological level with China for decades."
The result is that the embargo list is one after the other. Especially the high-precision work machines are jointly prohibited by the United States and other developed countries from being sold to China. Deng Du told Xiao Kang: “We have to ratify NATO’s large gear grinding machines and we must assure them that they are civilian.â€
Even within the joint venture, multinational corporations are struggling to maintain this gap. The specific method is the blockade of core technologies. After working for a few months in the joint venture company, Liu Yanren has already had a profound understanding of this: “Technical staff go to the factory is actually not easily allowed.†The reason is that some of the core components are monopolized by foreign parties and Chinese technicians are not allowed to see .
Through various regulatory measures to ensure that the country's strength leads, in addition to political attempts to "contain" China, this also meets the requirements of Western companies, because only by maintaining a technological lead can they earn more profits from China.
What are the supporting points of the state?
The industry generally believes that the formation and importance of technological black holes are closely related to investment. An industry insider sighed: “The state has neglected the development of the machinery industry in the past two decades and can prove it in terms of policies, funding, etc. Even the name is also. From the Ministry of Machinery Industry to the Machinery Committee of the Ministry of Machinery and Electrical Engineering to the Bureau of Machinery, a One level is lowered, and one level is ignored."
The "protracted war" characteristics of the machinery industry determine the obstacles it faces in its development. Zheng Luo said to Xiaokang: “The mechanical and equipment work requires huge investment, and it takes great patience to wait for the flowering result.â€
Because this process is very time-consuming, but also faced with multiple pressures such as R&D, feeding, production, marketing, brain drain, foreign-owned competition, and low-end market difficulties, many experts believe that policy should be tilted and should be given Research institutions and enterprises have certain industry preferences and give them the opportunity to develop freely.
Lu Guanqiu, chairman of Zhejiang Wanxiang Group, once told the media that China should support the development of machinery manufacturing industry as a special industry. It is necessary to give preferential treatment, such as properly reducing VAT and lowering the income tax rate. If we allow this kind of profit-making situation to continue, our machinery manufacturing industry is indeed very dangerous. “Using our group as an example, the current situation is to rely on the money earned by other industries to support the manufacturing industry.â€
The property rights incentive system is one area that many experts have emphasized. Zheng Luo expressed to Xiaokang that “when a large engine factory was once heavily researched and developed, it was either taken free by the state or was copied by other companies for free.†Some scholars have stated that “the state-owned enterprises’ incentives for property rights for innovative talents are basically There is no implementation.†On the one hand, the intellectual property rights of innovative achievements have not been effectively protected; on the other hand, the contributions of innovators have not been confirmed by property rights.
Recently, the State Council issued relevant policies to speed up the revitalization of the equipment manufacturing industry, and clearly put forward the key development of sixteen major technical equipment. A considerable number of experts are looking forward to the prospects of Chinese machinery.
Many experts also reminded that now is the perfect period for the development of the machinery industry. The time has passed and the troubles are endless.
Yu Zhen told the media that since 2002, the machinery industry has entered a new round of sustained high-speed growth. The accelerating development of China's heavy chemical industry is a phenomenon of a specific period. If we are unable to solve this mechanical manufacturing problem at this stage, once the demand falls, it will be even more difficult for the domestic equipment manufacturing industry to develop. At the same time, foreign multinational corporations take advantage of the economic globalization and our accession to the WTO, and do everything possible to compete for control in China. If we are a little slack, the future domestic-funded enterprises will have to settle down.
Industry insider Zheng Luo (a pseudonym) told Xiaokang that the WD615 was the driving force for Steyr products introduced at the end of the 1970s. After the Ministry of Machinery Industry introduced products from Austria, the engine was handed over to Shandong Weifang Engine Factory. After nearly 20 years of digestion and absorption, WD615 series production capacity reached 200,000 units. Zheng Luo said that when this product was introduced from Austria, it was no longer Austria's latest product, and it is precisely this type of product that is still the current mainstream product of heavy trucks in China.
The market did not trade in technology
More and more people in the industry admit that: After 20 years of joint ventures, Chinese auto companies have not formed core technologies. This is also true of other industries. Statistics show that at present, China is mainly engaged in the introduction of foreign complete sets of equipment and production lines, and the introduction of patents and proprietary technologies is insufficient. In 2004, the total value of China's technology import contracts was US$1.386 billion, of which equipment and production lines accounted for 52.3%, and proprietary technologies accounted for only 29.8%.
Why is the market not getting the necessary technology? Jia Xinguang, chief analyst of China Automotive Industry Consultation and Development Corporation, once gave an example. In the initial stage of the Beijing Jeep Co., Ltd. joint venture, China sent an open call to an American engineer who was about to return home. The Americans at the farewell party raised this question: "You It's not that we have to learn technology. Why didn't anyone ask me?†Jia Xinguang believes that not using a car is equivalent to transferring technology. Some key areas still need to learn. Some people need to be dialed. However, quite a few companies only pay attention to the forms of joint ventures, introductions, etc.
Imitation of undigested absorption is also helping the machinery industry go astray. The ratio of the total amount of technology introductory expenses and the digestion and absorption expenses of large and medium-sized state-owned industrial enterprises in China is 1:0.06. The ratio of imported technology and digestion and absorption of Korean and Japanese companies reached 1:5 to 1:8.
In addition to indigestion, technical barriers are becoming a huge obstacle to China's introduction. At present, intellectual property rights have become a weapon for the developed countries, including the United States, to maintain the gap with the developing countries. More than one Western media has suggested that only the West can continue to lead in innovation to effectively respond to the rise of China. Song Biao, an engineer at a Beijing institute, said: "Euramerican has been cautiously maintaining its technological level with China for decades."
The result is that the embargo list is one after the other. Especially the high-precision work machines are jointly prohibited by the United States and other developed countries from being sold to China. Deng Du told Xiao Kang: “We have to ratify NATO’s large gear grinding machines and we must assure them that they are civilian.â€
Even within the joint venture, multinational corporations are struggling to maintain this gap. The specific method is the blockade of core technologies. After working for a few months in the joint venture company, Liu Yanren has already had a profound understanding of this: “Technical staff go to the factory is actually not easily allowed.†The reason is that some of the core components are monopolized by foreign parties and Chinese technicians are not allowed to see .
Through various regulatory measures to ensure that the country's strength leads, in addition to political attempts to "contain" China, this also meets the requirements of Western companies, because only by maintaining a technological lead can they earn more profits from China.
What are the supporting points of the state?
The industry generally believes that the formation and importance of technological black holes are closely related to investment. An industry insider sighed: “The state has neglected the development of the machinery industry in the past two decades and can prove it in terms of policies, funding, etc. Even the name is also. From the Ministry of Machinery Industry to the Machinery Committee of the Ministry of Machinery and Electrical Engineering to the Bureau of Machinery, a One level is lowered, and one level is ignored."
The "protracted war" characteristics of the machinery industry determine the obstacles it faces in its development. Zheng Luo said to Xiaokang: “The mechanical and equipment work requires huge investment, and it takes great patience to wait for the flowering result.â€
Because this process is very time-consuming, but also faced with multiple pressures such as R&D, feeding, production, marketing, brain drain, foreign-owned competition, and low-end market difficulties, many experts believe that policy should be tilted and should be given Research institutions and enterprises have certain industry preferences and give them the opportunity to develop freely.
Lu Guanqiu, chairman of Zhejiang Wanxiang Group, once told the media that China should support the development of machinery manufacturing industry as a special industry. It is necessary to give preferential treatment, such as properly reducing VAT and lowering the income tax rate. If we allow this kind of profit-making situation to continue, our machinery manufacturing industry is indeed very dangerous. “Using our group as an example, the current situation is to rely on the money earned by other industries to support the manufacturing industry.â€
The property rights incentive system is one area that many experts have emphasized. Zheng Luo expressed to Xiaokang that “when a large engine factory was once heavily researched and developed, it was either taken free by the state or was copied by other companies for free.†Some scholars have stated that “the state-owned enterprises’ incentives for property rights for innovative talents are basically There is no implementation.†On the one hand, the intellectual property rights of innovative achievements have not been effectively protected; on the other hand, the contributions of innovators have not been confirmed by property rights.
Recently, the State Council issued relevant policies to speed up the revitalization of the equipment manufacturing industry, and clearly put forward the key development of sixteen major technical equipment. A considerable number of experts are looking forward to the prospects of Chinese machinery.
Many experts also reminded that now is the perfect period for the development of the machinery industry. The time has passed and the troubles are endless.
Yu Zhen told the media that since 2002, the machinery industry has entered a new round of sustained high-speed growth. The accelerating development of China's heavy chemical industry is a phenomenon of a specific period. If we are unable to solve this mechanical manufacturing problem at this stage, once the demand falls, it will be even more difficult for the domestic equipment manufacturing industry to develop. At the same time, foreign multinational corporations take advantage of the economic globalization and our accession to the WTO, and do everything possible to compete for control in China. If we are a little slack, the future domestic-funded enterprises will have to settle down.
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