Safety and protection against cockroaches and cockroaches

There is little information on the toxicity of bismuth , bismuth and their compounds. Or cases so far found niobium, tantalum and niobium, and poisoning of the main and intermediate compounds such as tantalum powder and niobium powder, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, niobium alloys and tantalum alloys not exhibit toxicity to organisms. Limited animal experiments have shown that some strontium salts have an effect on the enzyme reaction. Intravenous and intraperitoneal injections of sputum and its compounds have a tendency to accumulate in the liver, kidney, spleen and brain. Metal strontium and barium are not absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract.

Metal bismuth and bismuth powders are at risk of fire and explosion, but not as severe as zirconium and titanium . There is a risk of burns, electric shocks, eye injuries and trauma in the processing of metal enamel and enamel. In the extraction metallurgy process of strontium and barium, toxic and hazardous substances such as fluorine, chlorine, hydrogen fluoride, sodium metal, organic solvents, etc. can be produced or used. For the protection knowledge, please refer to their corresponding protection regulations. Special emphasis should be placed here on the use of HF acid, which is widely used in wet and pyrometallurgy of bismuth and antimony. It is strictly prohibited to come into contact with human skin. Protective gloves and other protective equipment must be worn during operation. Although the insoluble compounds of lanthanum and cerium cause only mild fibrous changes, the bismuth and bismuth compound dusts are not completely harmless to the body. When processing concentrates containing uranium and thorium , in addition to general dust control, workers should be protected from radioactivity.

The smelting and refining plant discharges a large amount of high-acid (HF+H ₂ SO ₄ ) wastewater, waste gas and waste residue every day. The harmful fluorine, uranium and thorium must be disposed of before they can be discharged. Therefore, in the factory production, it is required to establish a monitoring system for wastewater, waste gas and waste residue to meet the national safety standards: the industrial wastewater has a fluorine content of less than 10 mg/L, the uranium content is less than 0.05 mg/L, and the specific radioactivity of the precipitate after sedimentation. Less than 3.7 × 10 ² Bp. The threshold for enthalpy in the air in the United States is 5 mg/yd ³ (1 yd ³ = 0.765 m ³ ). The maximum allowable concentration of the former Soviet Union (é’½ oxide) is 10 mg/L, and the water source allows the strontium content to be 0.01 mg/L.