Wang Xiulan, Xu Yongtai, Shen Qingling, Zhao Desheng (Seed Management Station, Huzhu County, Qinghai Province)
Huzhu County is located in the northeast of Qinghai Province, with an average elevation of 2700m. It has no cold winter, no summer heat, and an average annual temperature of 3.5°C. It belongs to the cold and temperate climate of the mainland and is an ideal high-yielding crop production area. The total cultivated area of ​​the county is 59,000 hm2, and the spring wheat planting area is the third largest crop after rape and potato. In recent years, some problems have appeared in the production of spring wheat. The main problems and solutions have been analyzed.
1 The main problems in spring wheat seed production
1.1 Decentralized production
Since the implementation of the household contract responsibility system for joint production, the seed production departments of the counties faced difficulties in unifying the ideological quality and management level. The county’s seed production department has encountered great difficulties in carrying out large-scale centralized and large-scale production. The main implementation is The "company + base + farmer" seed production model, this decentralized seed production method has brought a lot of trouble to the management of the seed base. This is mainly manifested in the fact that when field inspections are conducted, there are many people in the area, which often results in time-consuming and labor-intensive inspections. It is difficult for Tian to go to miscellaneous fields, and it is difficult to carry out field-by-field field-by-field operations.
1.2 more, chaos, miscellaneous
Due to the spontaneous planting of farmers, the phenomenon of disorderly planting and indiscriminate introduction has still not been effectively curbed, and even some farmers have planted unrefined strains. On the whole, the variety, disorder, and miscellaneous phenomena are still very serious. Together with the unit of each household at the time of harvest, most of them are artificially selected, and it is difficult to effectively control the mechanical mixture. With the sensory acquisition of technicians alone, the quality of seeds cannot be fully guaranteed.
1.3 Low commodity rate
Qinghai is a typical spring wheat production area. Spring wheat has a large amount of seeds and is prone to miscellaneous. At the same time, spring wheat is a one-season crop with a low propagation coefficient and a small production-to-investment ratio, resulting in a low spring wheat product rate. In addition, compared with winter wheat, spring wheat has poor color and processing quality and lacks market competitiveness. Therefore, with the changes in the market economy and the adjustment of crop structure, the production area of ​​spring wheat has also been reduced accordingly, and farmers have left their own Outside of the rations field, they are generally reluctant to use it as the main incision for economic income, which makes it difficult to stabilize the spring wheat seed production area, resulting in difficulties in the acquisition of spring wheat seed varieties.
1.4 Poor quality
In recent years, although Huzhu County has cultivated and introduced a number of spring wheat varieties such as Lantian No. 3, Lemai No. 5, Plateau No. 448, Minhe 853, Jinmai No. 13 and Jimai No. 14, etc. Poor flood control capabilities, purification and resilience measures can not keep up and other factors have been eliminated or the area is reduced year by year. To date, most of the spring wheat varieties still use the “mutually beneficial red†and “arbo†products, which are mainly planted for 20-30 years, due to factors such as stable production and annual rejuvenation. Therefore, the demand of farmers for high-quality, high-yield, high-efficiency and disease-resistant varieties is still very urgent.
1.5 kinds of sexual deterioration
Due to the shortage of funds in the seed sector and the transformation of state-owned farms in the Sichuan-Shui area, the original species production mainly based on the “three-reserve system†is quite effective in improving the purity of spring wheat varieties, but due to its complicated procedures, it has to go through Strains selection, analysis and comparison, mixed breeding three processes, the cost is quite high, the cost of about 22,500 yuan / hm2, and the need to use farmer's land area is also relatively large. Therefore, although the seed base has a large demand for the original species, it can only provide the original species of the main cultivars such as Mutual Aid and Aberdeen. For other species such as the plateau 448, Lemai 5, and Maimai 13, etc. The inability to purify and rejuvenate causes the original and improved varieties of new and improved cultivars to be disjointed, shortening the period of use, and severely degrading the species and failing to fulfill their due role.Equipped with 10-inch Tubeless fat Tires which has long wear-resistance, anti-explosion, long battery life and strong bearing capacity, it designed to increase riding safety.
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